[The evolution of ideas about cyst-like stretching of the paranasal sinuses. Part I]. / Evolyutsiya predstavlenii o kistovidnom rastyazhenii okolonosovykh pazukh. Chast' I.

Treatment of patients with severe chronic and recurrent forms of sinusitis, complicated by pathological stretching of the paranasal sinuses, is not a trivial task. This is especially true for those clinical cases where a pathological increase in the size of the sinus leads to widespread destruction of its walls and may be accompanied by serious complications from adjacent structures. The paper presents an analytical review of publications on the topic of pathological stretching of the paranasal sinuses. Potential factors influencing the development of this pathology, mechanisms of pathogenesis and classification options are described in detail. Modern approaches are considered in the surgical treatment of this pathology, which can be carried out in one or two stages, depending on the presence of secondary aesthetic defects.

[Chronic pharyngitis. Modern approaches to diagnosis and treatment]. / Khronicheskii faringit. Sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike i lecheniyu.

The relevance of the problem of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pharynx is due to the significant prevalence of this pathology. Among all forms of chronic pharyngitis, the most adverse effect on the quality of life is observed in chronic athrophic pharyngitis. According to the literature, in this category of patients there are no clear criteria for assessing the functional state and morphological picture of the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall. Most of the described signs of atrophic pharyngitis are insufficienyly informative, which necessitates further improvement of existing and possible search for new diagnostic methods. Many of the modern methods of treatment do not provide a lasting effect due to the presence of only a local effect on the altered mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall, without taking into account the changes that are caused by a violation of trophic processes in the tissue, which necessitates the search for new effective methods of treating this disease.The review article outlines modern ideas about the methods of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pharyngitis, presents promising areas in the treatment of patients with atrophic pharyngitis. In foreign countries, the term «chronic tonsillopharyngitis¼ is most often used. Due to the existing difference in terminology, the predominant part of the material on the problem of chronic pharyngitis is presented by domestic literature sources.

[Rhinolith - diagnosis and treatment features]. / Rinolit ­ osobennosti diagnostiki i lecheniya.

Exogenous foreign bodies enter the nasal cavity through the nostrils or in some cases through the choana and usually get stuck in the lower or middle nasal meatus. An alien body that has been in the nasal cavity for a long time serves as a nucleus around which calcium and magnesium salts, organic components, are deposited from the nasal secretions, and contributes to the formation of rhinolith (nasal stone, from Greek rhino - nose, lithos - stone). Endogenous material (thick mucous secret or a blood clot drying into the crusts, desquamated epithelium, an atypically located tooth, products of cellular lysis and necrosis of the mucous membrane) can also serve as a potential nucleus for salt deposition. Narrowing of the nasal passages due to the curvature of the nasal septum, hypertrophy of the nasal conchae, violation of mucociliary transport and inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane in chronic rhinitis or rhinosinusitis can lead to a delay in the mucous discharge in the nasal cavity, pH changes, excessive saturation of the secretion with crystalloids, initiate crystallization around the nucleus and deposition of salts. This article presents the results of clinical examination and surgical treatment of a patient with rhinolith formed by prolonged inhalation of construction dust.

[Chronic fungal sinusitis caused by Schizophyllum commune]. / Khronicheskii sfenoidit, vyzvannyi gribom Schizophyllum commune.

Treatment of patients with fungal sinusitis, in some cases, does not lead to complete sinus sanitation, which may be due to insufficient surgical intervention and/or incorrectly selected antimycotic therapy. Treatment of such patients must necessarily include the complete removal of fungal masses from the affected sinus and the further use of antimycotics that ensure complete elimination of the pathogen. A clinical case of chronic fungal operated isolated sphenoiditis caused by the fungus Schizophyllum commune is presented. For extensive drainage of the sphenoid sinus, the patient underwent translamellar sphenoidotomy on the right with further antifungal therapy.

[Clinical and morphological picture of chronic tonsillitis and its pathogenetic relationship with periodontal diseases: literature review]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskaya kartina khronicheskogo tonzillita i ego patogeneticheskaya svyaz' s parodontopatiyami: obzor literatury.

The article is devoted to the study of chronic tonsillitis from the point of view of the clinical and morphological picture of the disease, histological changes in the palatine tonsils in various forms of CT. The authors raise the question of studying the assessment of the effect of conservative therapy on the morpho-functional state of the palatine tonsils. The article focuses on the study and influence of extratonsillary oropharyngeal loci of focal infection, such as periodontopathies, on the course of chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils. The association of periodontitis with CT and various somatic diseases has been demonstrated. The necessity of further study of the cause-and-effect relationships of CT and periodontal diseases, as well as a more in-depth study of the morphological picture in CT using immunohistochemical methods of research, which will allow us to develop new principles for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, is justified.

[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler syndrome)]. / Nasledstvennaya gemorragicheskaya teleangiektaziya (sindrom Randyu­Oslera).

The analysis of publications is carried out and current data concerning the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and principles of treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia are presented.

[The efficacy of the extended endoscopic frontal sinus drill-out in cases of repeatedly operated polypous-purulent pansinusitis accompanied by a whistle in the front wall of the frontal sinus]. / Effektivnost' rasshirennoi endonazal'noi endoskopicheskoi frontotomii pri mnogokratno operirovannom khronicheskom polipozno-gnoinom pansinusite, oslozhnennom formirovaniem svishcha perednei stenki lobnoi pazukhi.

Treatment of patients with severe chronic and recurrent forms of frontal sinusitis, often caused by scarring as a result of repeated interventions in the frontal sinuses, is a difficult task. In such cases, for adequate drainage of the frontal sinus and ensuring stable patency of the nasolabial anastomosis, an endoscopic extended frontotomy can be the choice operation, the possibility of which certainly depends on the experience of the surgeon, anatomical features of the structure of the frontal sinus and the nature of the pathological process. The article shows the effectiveness of surgical treatment of chronic purulent frontal sinusitis that developed after 5 interventions on the paranasal sinuses with external and combined access, accompanied by the development of a fistulous passage of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. For wide drainage of the frontal sinus and stable preservation of patency of the nasolabial fistula, the patient underwent extended endoscopic frontotomy (Draf III operation according to the international classification).

[Evoked potentials in the rehabilitation of the patients after cochlear implantation]. / Vyzvannye potentsialy v reabilitatsii patsientov posle kokhlearnoi implantatsii.

The objective methods for the hearing examination of the patients after cochlear implantation provide an important tool for the speech processor fitting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibilities and the informative value of the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) and electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) combined recording technique. For this reason, the comparison of the ECAP and EABR thresholds with comfortable levels of stimulation, obtained on the basis of subjective response and psychophysical testing of the patients with good results after cochlear implantation was performed. 19 patients with the CI experience from 1 to 5 years were included in our study. The combined registration of ECAP and EABR can be used to evaluate the functional capacity of the central auditory pathways and for the fitting of the complicated patients, especially those in whom the registration proved impossible with the use of other objective techniques. The ECAP and EABR threshold values were well correlated with the individual stimulation map profiles in the patients with the CI experience of less than two years (p<0.05). The results obtained in the present study allow us to conclude that combined registration of ECAP and EABR could be used for the determination of stimulation comfort level parameters and individual stimulation map profiles, especially in combination with the minimum amount of psychoacoustic information received from the patient.